Pinnaspis aspidistrae (fern scale) (fern scale) characteristics: the female scale cover is brown, transparent, oyster-shaped and about 1 mm in length, the male scale cover is half the size of the female scale cover; white, elongate (not oyster like) with three ridges running lengthwise, no honeydew production natural enemies: Encarsia citrina, Rhyzobius lophanthae and Chilocorus nigritus hosts: ferns |
Aspidiotus nerii (oleander scale or ivy scale) (oleander scale or ivy scale) characteristics: the female scale cover is flat, circular and white or yellowish, the male scale cover is smaller and more elongate than the female one, no honeydew production natural enemies: Encarsia citrina, Rhyzobius lophanthae en Chilocorus nigritus and Aphytis spp. hosts: e.g. Nerium oleander, ivy, citrus, Aristolochia |
Diaspis boisduvalli (orchid scale or boisduval scale) characteristics: the female scale cover is circular to oval, white, and semitransparent, the male scale cover is elongate and white with three ridges running lengthwise, often with white, woolly threads; can be confused with mealybugs, no honeydew production natural enemies: Rhyzobius lophanthae hosts: Orchids, e.g. Cymbidium, palms |
Diaspis bromeliae (pineapple scale) (pineapple scale) characteristics: the female scale cover is circular, flat and almost transparent, the male scale cover is elongate and white, no honeydew production natural enemies: Encarsia citrina hosts: Bromeliaceae, e.g. pineapple |
Abgrallaspis cyanophylli (cyanophyllum scale) characteristics: yellow-white in colour; somewhat transparent, the female scale cover is oval to circular and flat, the male scale cover is more elongate and more bright in colour, prefers leaves, no honeydew production natural enemies: Encarsia citrina, Rhyzobius lophanthae and Chilocorus nigritus hosts: Opuntia, Yucca |
Diaspis echinocacti (cactus scale) (cactus scale) characteristics:the female scale cover is white, circular and flat with dark remains of moulting in the middle, the male scale cover is elongate, white and soft, no honeydew production natural enemies: Rhyzobius lophanthae, Aphytis spp. hosts: cactus species |
Chrysomphalus aonidum (florida red scale) characteristics: red-brown to almost black in colour; not transparent the scale cover is about 2 mm in length, the male scale cover is half the size of the female scale cover; males are more elongate and more bright in colour, occurs on a wide range of hosts, no honeydew production natural enemies: Aphytis spp. hosts: Citrus, palms, many ornamental plants |
